Skill India

General morphology of plant parasitic nematode

objectives to differentiate plant parasitic nematode s from free living nematode s and to differentiate the male s and the female a and juvenile s.and to study the important morphological features of plant parasitic nematodes

procedure s examine the given specimen s under microscope and identify them with the following character s

examine the nematodes under various magnification of a compound microscope and stereo microscope and note the following character s.

whole mount body vermiform with clear transparent anterior region opening of digestive system anus excretory system excretory pore and reproductive system vulval or cloacal opening in ventral side dorsal and lateral sides.

Digestive system digestive system consists if a stoma provided with a knobbed stylet oesophagus cardia intestine rectum and anus stylet made up of a cone shaft and three basal knobs oesophagus consisting of an enterior narrow part procarpus median bulb with valvular apparatus metacarpus isthmus and a basal bulb position of oesophageal gland in the basaal bulb and the opening of dorsal oesophageal gland behind the stylet knobs.

female reproductive system number of ovaries didelphic monodelphic ovaries. orientation ovaries in relation to vulva prodelphic opisthodelphic amphidelphic location of vulva anterior median posterior.

male reproductive system number of testes monarchuc diorchis orientation of testes cloaca spicules , shape of spicules gubernaculum , caudal alae bursa

taxonomy of plant parasympathetic nematodes nematodes were given the status kf separate phylum nematoda with 2 classes secernentea and adenophorea which includes several orders plant parasitic nematodes are included in the order tylenchida under secernentea and dorylaimida under adenophorea.

characteristics of the phylum bilaterally symmetric anim which have radial symmetry in the region of the head and pharynx thwr are generally small in size worm like and circular in cross section they are acquatic terres6a d free living kr parasite s kf plant kr animals and found in every types of environment the body js un segment ed elongated cylinderical vermiform and tapering towards both the ends body made up of two tubes the outer body tube consists cuticle hypider mis and the nerve muscl6s and acting as a skeleton and the inner being the digestive tract which is divided into oesophagus mid intest6and short rectum . gonada composed of a pair kf tubes one of which may be suppressed female genital aperture vulva opens typically near the middle of the body but may ne displaced towards front or year. the male genital aperture opens with the anus in a common cloaca and is armed with compulsory spicules the other important characters of this phylum are as follows the cuticle of the body wall may be smooth or annulated respiratory and circulatory system s are absent m sense organs are located at both the ends kr near them in the form of minute small ridges papillae and amphids the nervous system consists of circum oesophageal nerve ring and longitudinal nerve chords male and female are found separately i.e. dioecious. female s are oviparous or ovoviviparous or viviparous and cleavage is determinate . the sexual dimorphism is apparent the fertilization is internal and the yhe development may be the direct or indirect generally four larval stages are found in life cycle which are greatly variable.

the phylum nematoda was divided into two classes secernenta phasmida and adenophorea aphasmida

class secernentea the amphidusl opening is on the head near the lip region the oesophagus is divided jnto procorpus and a isthmus and a glandular terminal bulb with or without median bulb. the caudal glands three elongated cells in or near the tail are absent. the male tsil may have a caudal alae bursa the excretory system possessses a transecerse duct eith lateral camals the phasmids are present tje mesenterial tissue s are less developed

order tylenchida and aphelenchida class adenophorea the amphids open behind the head i.e. post labial the tje oesophagus is generally cylindrical with an enlarged glandular base the caudal glands are present the phasmids are absent the male tail lacks a busa but posses genital papillae mesentrial tias6s aree well developed.

Order tylenchida and aphelenchida class adenophorea the amphids open behind the head i. e. post labial the oesophagus is generally cylindrical with an enlarged glandular base. the phasmids are absen6the phasmids are absent. the male tail lacks a bursa but possessses genital papillae mesenterial tissue s are well developed excretory system lacka lateral canal s and excretory duct ends in a cell.