Skill India

Picking and counting of plant larasitic nematodes

objective svto estimated the nematode s population in a given suspension and a to a transfer nematoes from one solution to a another while process ing

Nematode s counting

direcy counting method this method is used when the nematode population in the suspension is very low procedure transfer the nematode s suspension to a counting dish and keep the counting dish under stereo microscope and adjust one small square of the counting dish from the one side under microscope and record the number of nematodes using tally counter and proceed to the next square and so on to count from all the square s

Dilution method this method is used when the nematode s population in the suspension is very high procedure take the nematode suspension in a beaker snd make a volume of 100 ml by adding water and mix the suspension thoroughly the transfer the 5 ml or nematode suspension to a counting dish and count the nematode s as described above and repeat this procedure 3 time s and calculate the average number of nematodes per 5 ml and multiply with 20 5 ml × 20 equal 100 ml to calculate the toatl number of nematodes present in the sample picking of nematodes take the nematodes suspension in a cavity block or petri dish and focus the nematodes under a low magnification of stero micro scope and lift the nematodes to the surface kf the water while focusing along the floating nematode fkick the nematode quick ly up so that the nematode is pulled out through the meniscus.

Identification of economically important plant nematodes up to generic level with the help of keys and description

economically important plant nematodes can be identified up to the generic level using key s and detailed description based on the morphological and anatomical characteristics often a observed under a microscope these keys which are essentially dichotomous or tabular guides help differentiate nematodes based kn features like shape stylet structure oesophageal characteristics and tail shape .

Key identification methods

morphological identification this traditional method relies on detailed examination of nematodes specimen s under a microscope it involves observing key features like body length stylet shape and size presences and shape of the median bulb and tail morphology.

staining technique s specific staining method s can high light certain structure s making them easier to observe and differentiate between genera Molecular method s technique like PCR and DNA sequencing can be used for more precise Identification especially for closely related species or generav . machine learning advance in artificial intelligence allow for Automated nematodebs identification and quantification from images particularly useful for larhe sample sizes

steps involved in a identification

sample collection and preparation nematodes are extracted from soil or plant tissue and various techniques like sieving and decanting are used to separate then from debris and microscope observation the collect ed nematodes are Mounted on slides and examined under a microscope noting key morphological features. and using identification keys the observe d characteristics are compared against established keys to narrow down the potential generavand confirmation with description detailed description of each genus including variation in morphology and life cycle are consulted to confirm the identification.

example identification key a simplified example of a key some common plant parasitic nematodes genara could be body shape cylindrical kr vermiform go to 2 kidney shaped or pear shaped meloidogyne stylet well developed with basal knobs go to 3 stylet weakly developed or absent go to 4 oesophagus median bulb present oesophageal glands over lapping dorsally tylenchus oesophagus with a glandular overlap on the ventral side pratylenchus tail shape elongated and pointed aphelenchoides shkrt and rounded ditylenchus.

important consideration expert consultation for accurate Identification especially of close ly related genera or mew species consulting with a nematologist or specialist is recommended life stage different life stage s larvae adults of the same nematodes may exhibit slight variations in morphology.

geographic location some nematodes are geographically restricted so knowledge of the origin of the sample can he a help ful in identification by combining these methods and utilizig specialized resources one can effectively identify economically important plant nematodes to the generic level .

identification of economically important plants nematodes

parasitism and habitat female a s well as third and fourth stage juvenile are sedentary endo parasites on many plants males and second stage juvenile are migratory and can be located in soil also the root knot nematodes are widely distributed in nurseries and uplands or in well drained aoils all over India.