Skill India

1987 until his resignation in 2017. Under Mugabe’s authoritarian regime, the state security
apparatus dominated the country and was responsible for widespread human rights
violations.From 2000 to 2009 the economy experienced decline and hyperinflation before
rebounding after the use of currencies other than the Zimbabwean dollar was permitted,
although growth has since faltered. In 2017, in the wake of over a year of protests against his
government as well as Zimbabwe’s rapidly declining economy, a coup d’état resulted in
Mugabe’s resignation. Emmerson Mnangagwa has since served as Zimbabwe’s president.
Zimbabwe is a member of the United Nations, the Southern African Development Community,
the African Union, and the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa.The name
“Zimbabwe” stems from a Shona term for Great Zimbabwe, a medieval city (Masvingo) in the
country’s south-east. Two different theories address the origin of the word. Many sources hold
that “Zimbabwe” derives from dzimba-dza-mabwe, translated from the Karanga dialect of Shona
as “houses of stones” (dzimba = plural of imba, “house”; mabwe = plural of ibwe, “stone”).The
Karanga-speaking Shona people live around Great Zimbabwe in the modern-day Masvingo
province. Archaeologist Peter Garlake claims that “Zimbabwe” represents a contracted form of
dzimba-hwe, which means “venerated houses” in the Zezuru dialect of Shona and usually
references chiefs’ houses or graves.Societies speaking proto-Shona languages first emerged in
the middle Limpopo River valley in the 9th century before moving on to the Zimbabwean
highlands. The Zimbabwean plateau became the centre of subsequent Shona states, beginning
around the 10th century. Around the early 10th century, trade developed with Arab merchants
on the Indian Ocean coast, helping to develop the Kingdom of Mapungubwe in the 11th century.
This was the precursor to the Shona civilisations that dominated the region during the 13th to
15th centuries, evidenced by ruins at Great Zimbabwe, near Masvingo, and by other smaller
sites. The main archaeological site used a unique dry stone architecture. The Kingdom of
Mapungubwe was the first in a series of trading states which had developed in Zimbabwe by the
time the first European explorers arrived from Portugal. These states traded gold, ivory, and
copper for cloth and glass.By 1220, the Kingdom of Zimbabwe eclipsed Mapungubwe. This
Shona state further refined and expanded upon Mapungubwe’s stone architecture. From c.
1450 to 1760, the Kingdom of Mutapa ruled much of the area of present-day Zimbabwe, plus
parts of central Mozambique. It is known by many names including the Mutapa Empire, also
known as Mwene Mutapa or Monomotapa as well as “Munhumutapa”, and was renowned for its
strategic trade routes with the Arabs and Portugal. The Portuguese sought to monopolise this
influence and began a series of wars which left the empire in near collapse in the early 17th
century.As a direct response to increased European presence in the interior a new Shona state
emerged, known as the Rozwi Empire. Relying on centuries of military, political and religious
development, the Rozwi (meaning “destroyers”) expelled the Portuguese from the Zimbabwean
plateau in 1683. Around 1821 the Zulu general Mzilikazi of the Khumalo clan successfully
rebelled against King Shaka and established his own clan, the Ndebele. The Ndebele fought
their way northwards into the Transvaal, leaving a trail of destruction in their wake and
beginning an era of widespread devastation known as the Mfecane. When Dutch trekboers
converged on the Transvaal in 1836, they drove the tribe even further northward, with the
assistance of Tswana Barolong warriors and Griqua commandos. By 1838 the Ndebele had
conquered the Rozwi Empire, along with the other smaller Shona states, and reduced them to

vassaldom.After losing their remaining South African lands in 1840, Mzilikazi and his tribe
permanently settled in the southwest of present-day Zimbabwe in what became known as
Matabeleland, establishing Bulawayo as their capital. Mzilikazi then organised his society into a
military system with regimental kraals, similar to those of Shaka, which was stable enough to
repel further Boer incursions. Mzilikazi died in 1868; following a violent power struggle, his son
Lobengula succeeded him.Following Zambian independence (effective from October 1964), Ian
Smith’s Rhodesian Front government in Salisbury dropped the designation “Southern” in 1964
(once Northern Rhodesia had changed its name to Zambia, having the word Southern before
the name Rhodesia became unnecessary and the country simply became known as Rhodesia
afterwards). Intent on effectively repudiating the recently adopted British policy of “no
independence before majority rule”, Smith issued a Unilateral Declaration of Independence
(UDI) from the United Kingdom on 11 November 1965. This marked the first such course taken
by a rebel British colony since the American declaration of 1776, which Smith and others indeed
claimed provided a suitable precedent to their own actions.
[10/15, 22:27] SKILL INDIA: Kawasaki Heavy Industries
simply Kawasaki) is a Japanese public multinational corporation manufacturer of motorcycles,
engines, heavy equipment, aerospace and defense equipment, rolling stock and ships,
headquartered in Chūō, Kobe and Minato, Tokyo, Japan. It is also active in the production of
industrial robots, gas turbines, pumps, boilers and other industrial products. The company is
named after its founder, Shōzō Kawasaki. KHI is known as one of the three major heavy
industrial manufacturers of Japan, alongside Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and IHI. Prior to the
Second World War, KHI was part of the Kobe Kawasaki zaibatsu, which included Kawasaki
Steel and Kawasaki Kisen. After the conflict, KHI became part of the DKB Group
(keiretsu).Shōzō Kawasaki, born in 1836, was involved with the marine industry from a young
age. He was involved with two offshore disasters but accredited his survival to the
modernization of the ships. This led to the decision to create technological innovations for the
Japanese shipping industry. In 1878, after struggling to find business, his first order was placed.
This is marked as the company’s start in the industry.
In 1886, Kawasaki moved the business from Tokyo to Hyogo. This allowed space for the rise of
orders placed to his company and the renaming to Kawasaki Dockyard. The new and improved
company went public as Kawasaki Dockyard Co., Ltd when the demand for ships rose during
the Sino-Japanese War of 1894. Kojiro Matsukata was announced as the company’s first
president.
After opening a new factory in 1906, Kawasaki began diversifying its products. They began to
produce parts for the railroad, automotive, and airplane industry by the end of World War 1.
After the war, along with the Allied arms-limitation agreement in 1912, Kawasaki faced a huge
decline in shipbuilding. In 1929, the Depression caused a large amount of financial problems
with the company.
During World War 2, Kawasaki was a major builder of combat aircraft like the Ki-61, which killed
many US aircrew. Just afterwards, they adapted air intakes from combat aircraft to high speed
motorcycles.In 1947, the government introduced a new shipbuilding agenda and gave Kawasaki